Pesquisa | SciELO

ABSTRACT Background: Large-scale epidemiological studies of seroprevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 often rely on point-of-care tests that provide immediate results to participants. Yet, little is known on how long rapid tests remain positive after the COVID-19 episode, or how much variability exists across different brands and even among batches of the same test. Methods: In November 2020, we assessed the sensitivity of three tests applied to 133 individuals with a previous positive PCR result between April and October. All subjects provided finger prick blood samples for two batches (A and B) of the Wondfo lateral-flow IgG/IgM test, and dried blood spot samples for the S-UFRJ ELISA test. Results: Overall sensitivity levels were 92.5% (95% CI 86.6-96.3), 63.2% (95% CI 54.4-71.4) and 33.8% (95% CI 25.9-42.5) for the S-UFRJ test, Wondfo A and Wondfo B tests, respectively. There was no evidence of a decline in the positivity of S-UFRJ with time since the diagnosis, but the two Wondfo batches showed sharp reductions to as low as 41.9% and 19.4%, respectively, for subjects with a positive PCR in June or earlier. Positive results for batch B of the rapid test were 35% to 54% lower than for batch A at any given month of diagnosis. Interpretation: Whereas the ELISA test showed high sensitivity and stability of results over the five months of the study, both batches of the rapid test showed substantial declines, with one of the batches consistently showing lower sensitivity levels than the other. ELISA tests based on dried-blood spots are an inexpensive alternative to rapid lateral-flow tests in large-scale epidemiological studies.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2021.101601 40 downloads

Population-level seropositivity trend for SARS-Cov-2 in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Barros, Aluísio J D

; Victora, Cesar G

; Menezes, Ana M B

; Horta, Bernardo L

; Barros, Fernando C

; Hartwig, Fernando P

; Victora, Gabriel D

; Vidaletti, Luis Paulo

; Silveira, Mariângela F

; Mesenburg, Marilia A

; Jacques, Nadège

; Struchiner, Cláudio J

; Brust, Flávia Roberta

; Dall’Agnol, Marinel M

; Delamare, Ana Paula Longaray

; François, Carlos Henrique R

; Ikeda, Maria Letícia R

; Pellegrini, Débora C P

; Reuter, Cézane Priscila

; Silva, Shana G da

; Dellagostin, Odir A

; Hallal, Pedro C

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2021, Volume 55 elocation 78

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe the evolution of seropositivity in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, through 10 consecutive surveys conducted between April 2020 and April 2021. METHODS Nine cities covering all regions of the State were studied, 500 households in each city. One resident in each household was randomly selected for testing. In survey rounds 1–8 we used the rapid WONDFO SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Test (Wondfo Biotech Co., Guangzhou, China). In rounds 9–10, we used a direct ELISA test that identifies IgG to the viral S protein (S-UFRJ). In terms of social distancing, individuals were asked three questions, from which we generated an exposure score using principal components analysis. RESULTS Antibody prevalence in early April 2020 was 0.07%, increasing to 10.0% in February 2021, and to 18.2% in April 2021. In round 10, self-reported whites showed the lowest seroprevalence (17.3%), while indigenous individuals presented the highest (44.4%). Seropositivity increased by 40% when comparing the most with the least exposed. CONCLUSIONS The proportion of the population already infected by SARS-Cov-2 in the state is still far from any perspective of herd immunity and the infection affects population groups in very different levels.

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055004075

Population-level seropositivity trend for SARS-Cov-2 in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Barros, Aluísio J D

; Victora, Cesar G

; Menezes, Ana M B

; Horta, Bernardo L

; Barros, Fernando C

; Hartwig, Fernando P

; Victora, Gabriel D

; Vidaletti, Luis Paulo

; Silveira, Mariângela F

; Mesenburg, Marilia A

; Jacques, Nadège

; Struchiner, Cláudio J

; Brust, Flávia Roberta

; Dall’Agnol, Marinel M

; Delamare, Ana Paula Longaray

; François, Carlos Henrique R

; Ikeda, Maria Letícia R

; Pellegrini, Débora C P

; Reuter, Cézane Priscila

; Silva, Shana G da

; Dellagostin, Odir A

; Hallal, Pedro C

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2021, Volume 55 elocation 78

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055004075

Evolução da prevalência de infecção por COVID-19 no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: inquéritos sorológicos seriados
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Hallal, Pedro Curi

; Horta, Bernardo L

; Barros, Aluísio J D

; Dellagostin, Odir A

; Hartwig, Fernando P

; Pellanda, Lúcia C

; Struchiner, Cláudio José

; Burattini, Marcelo N

; Silveira, Mariângela Freitas da

; Menezes, Ana M B

; Barros, Fernando C

; Victora, Cesar Gomes

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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Jun 2020, Volume 25 Supl. 1 Páginas 2395 - 2401

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A COVID-19 é uma doença produzida pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2. Esse vírus se espalhou rapidamente pelo mundo, o que levou a Organização Mundial da Saúde a classificar a COVID-19 como uma emergência de saúde internacional e, posteriormente, a declará-la uma pandemia. O número de casos confirmados, no dia 11 de abril de 2020, já passa de 1.700.000, porém esses dados não refletem a real prevalência de COVID-19 na população, visto que, em muitos países, os testes são quase que exclusivamente realizados em pessoas com sintomas, especialmente os mais graves. Para definir políticas de enfrentamento, é essencial dispor de dados sobre a prevalência real de infecção na população. Este estudo tem por objetivos avaliar a proporção de indivíduos já infectados pelo SARS-CoV-2 no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, analisar a velocidade de expansão da infecção e estimar o percentual de infectados com e sem sintomas. Serão realizados quatro inquéritos sorológicos repetidos a cada 15 dias, com amostragem probabilística de nove cidades sentinela, em todas as sub-regiões do Estado. As entrevistas e testes ocorrerão no âmbito domiciliar. Serão utilizados testes rápidos para detecção de anticorpos, validados previamente ao início da coleta de dados.

Abstract COVID-19, the disease produced by the virus SARS-CoV-2, has spread quickly throughout the world, leading the World Health Organization to first classify it as an international health emergency and, subsequently, declaring it pandemic. The number of confirmed cases, as April 11, surpassed 1,700,000, but this figure does not reflect the prevalence of COVID-19 in the population as, in many countries, tests are almost exclusively performed in people with symptoms, particularly severe cases. To properly assess the magnitude of the problem and to contribute to the design of evidence-based policies for fighting COVID-19, one must accurately estimate the population prevalence of infection. Our study is aimed at estimating the prevalence of infected individuals in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, to document how fast the infection spreads, and to estimate the proportion of infected persons who present or presented symptoms, as well as the proportion of asymptomatic infections. Four repeated serological surveys will be conducted in probability samples of nine sentinel cities every two weeks. Tests will be performed in 4,500 participants in each survey, totaling18,000 interviews. Interviews and tests will be conducted at the participants' household. A rapid test for the detection of antibodies will be used; the test was validated prior to the beginning of the fieldwork.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.09632020 6761 downloads

Social distancing patterns in nine municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: the Epicovid19/RS study
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Barros, Aluisio J D

; Victora, Cesar G

; Menezes, Ana M B

; Horta, Bernardo L

; Hartwig, Fernando

; Victora, Gabriel

; Pellanda, Lúcia C

; Dellagostin, Odir A

; Struchiner, Claudio J

; Burattini, Marcelo N

; Gonçalves, Marcelo R

; Possuelo, Lia G

; Weber, Liliana P

; Estima, Sonara Lucia

; Jacques, Nadège

; Härter, Jenifer

; Silva, Shana G

; Frizzo, Matias

; Lima, Rosangela C

; Barros, Fernando C

; Silveira, Mariângela F

; Hallal, Pedro C

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2020, Volume 54 elocation 75

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO OBJETIVO Descrever práticas de distanciamento social em nove municípios do Rio Grande do Sul por sexo, idade, escolaridade e cidade. MÉTODOS Foram realizados dois estudos transversais sequenciais representativos da população urbana nos municípios de Canoas, Caxias do Sul, Ijuí, Passo Fundo, Pelotas, Porto Alegre, Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Maria e Uruguaiana com o intuito de estimar a prevalência populacional de Covid-19. Foi aplicado questionário contendo três perguntas sobre distanciamento social, cujas práticas foram submetidas a análises descritivas por subgrupos. Os dados foram comparados por testes qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS Em termos de grau de distanciamento social, 25,8% dos entrevistados relataram estar praticamente isolados e 41,1% indicam praticar bastante distanciamento. Relataram ficar em casa o tempo todo 20,1% dos entrevistados, e 44,5% informam que saem apenas para atividades essenciais. Mais da metade dos domicílios não recebe visitas de não moradores. O grupo que relatou menos distanciamento social foi o de adultos entre 20 e 59 anos, enquanto mais de 80% dos entrevistados com 60 anos ou mais relataram estar praticamente isolados ou fazendo bastante distanciamento. As mulheres relataram fazer mais distanciamento que os homens, e os grupos de maior escolaridade foram os que relataram sair diariamente para atividades regulares com mais frequência. CONCLUSÕES Os grupos mais jovens e mais idosos estão mais protegidos pelo distanciamento social, mas há grupos bastante expostos, o que pode ser um limitador importante no controle da progressão da epidemia de Covid-19.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To describe social distancing practices in nine municipalities of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, stratified by gender, age, and educational attainment. METHODS Two sequential cross-sectional studies were conducted in the municipalities of Canoas, Caxias do Sul, Ijuí, Passo Fundo, Pelotas, Porto Alegre, Santa Cruz do Sul, Santa Maria, and Uruguaiana to estimate the population prevalence of COVID-19. The study was designed to be representative of the urban population of these municipalities. A questionnaire including three questions about social distancing was also administered to the participants. Here, we present descriptive analyses of social distancing practices by subgroups and use chi-square tests for comparisons. RESULTS In terms of degree of social distancing, 25.8% of the interviewees reported being essentially isolated and 41.1% reported being quite isolated. 20.1% of respondents reported staying at home all the time, while 44.5% left only for essential activities. More than half of households reported receiving no visits from non-residents. Adults aged 20 to 59 reported the least social distancing, while more than 80% of participants aged 60 years or older reported being essentially isolated or quite isolated. Women reported more stringent distancing than men. Groups with higher educational attainment reported going out for daily activities more frequently. CONCLUSIONS The extremes of age are more protected by social distancing, but some groups remain highly exposed. This can be an important limiting factor in controlling progression of the COVID-19 pandemic.

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002810 994 downloads

Social distancing patterns in nine municipalities of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil: the Epicovid19/RS study
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Barros, Aluisio J D

; Victora, Cesar G

; Menezes, Ana M B

; Horta, Bernardo L

; Hartwig, Fernando

; Victora, Gabriel

; Pellanda, Lúcia C

; Dellagostin, Odir A

; Struchiner, Claudio J

; Burattini, Marcelo N

; Gonçalves, Marcelo R

; Possuelo, Lia G

; Weber, Liliana P

; Estima, Sonara Lucia

; Jacques, Nadège

; Härter, Jenifer

; Silva, Shana G

; Frizzo, Matias

; Lima, Rosangela C

; Barros, Fernando C

; Silveira, Mariângela F

; Hallal, Pedro C

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2020, Volume 54 elocation 75

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2020054002810

Evolução da prevalência de infecção por COVID-19 no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil: inquéritos sorológicos seriados
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Hallal, Pedro Curi

; Horta, Bernardo L

; Barros, Aluísio J D

; Dellagostin, Odir A

; Hartwig, Fernando P

; Pellanda, Lúcia C

; Struchiner, Cláudio José

; Burattini, Marcelo N

; Silveira, Mariângela Freitas da

; Menezes, Ana M B

; Barros, Fernando C

; Victora, Cesar Gomes

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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2020, Volume 25 Supl. 1 Páginas 2395 - 2401

Resumo: Pt En | Texto: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020256.1.09632020

Comparative genomics of pathogenic Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola isolated from swine and human in Brazil
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Moreno, Luisa Z

; Miraglia, Fabiana

; Kremer, Frederico S

; Eslabao, Marcus R

; Dellagostin, Odir A

; Lilenbaum, Walter

; Freitas, Julio C

; Vasconcellos, Silvio A

; Heinemann, Marcos B

; Moreno, Andrea M

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Fev 2018, Volume 113 Nº 2 Páginas 126 - 129

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Leptospira interrogans serovar Canicola is one of the most important pathogenic serovars for the maintenance of urban leptospirosis. Even though it is considered highly adapted to dogs, serovar Canicola infection has already been described in other animals and even a few human cases. Here, we present the genomic characterisation of two Brazilian L. interrogans serovar Canicola strains isolated from slaughtered sows (L0-3 and L0-4) and their comparison with human strain Fiocruz LV133. It was observed that the porcine serovar Canicola strains present the genetic machinery to cause human infection and, therefore, represent a higher risk to public health. Both human and porcine serovar Canicola isolates also presented sequences with high identity to the Chinese serovar Canicola published plasmids pGui1 and pGui2. The plasmids identification in the Brazilian and Chinese serovar Canicola strains suggest that extra-chromosomal elements are one more feature of this serovar that was previously unnoticed.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760170119 1230 downloads

Genomic characterisation of Leptospira inadai serogroup Lyme isolated from captured rat in Brazil and comparative analysis with human reference strain
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Moreno, Luisa Z

; Miraglia, Fabiana

; Loureiro, Ana P

; Kremer, Frederico S

; Eslabao, Marcus R

; Dellagostin, Odir A

; Lilenbaum, Walter

; Vasconcellos, Silvio A

; Heinemann, Marcos B

; Moreno, Andrea M

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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2018, Volume 113 Nº 5 elocation e170444

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Leptospira inadai is classified as a species of the Leptospira intermediate group that has been poorly studied due to its apparent insignificance to human and animal health. Nevertheless, over the last two decades the species has been described in human cases in India and in carrier animals in Ecuador. Here, we present the first identification and genomic characterisation of L. inadai serogroup Lyme isolated from captured rodent in Brazil. Even though the M34/99 strain was not pathogenic for hamsters, it was able to establish renal colonisation. The M34/99 strain presented high similarity with L. inadai serogroup Lyme human reference indicating that animal strain could also infect humans, although it does not represent high risk of severe disease. An extrachromosomal sequence was also identified in M34/99 strain and presented high identity with previously described L. inadai phage LinZ_10, suggesting that phage-like extrachromosomal sequence may be another feature of this understudied species.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760170444 854 downloads

10.

Immune response in hamsters immunised with a recombinant fragment of LigA from Leptospira interrogans, associated with carrier molecules
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Oliveira, Thaís L

; Bacelo, Kátia L

; Schuch, Rodrigo A

; Seixas, Fabiana K

; Collares, Tiago

; Rodrigues, Oscar ED

; Vargas, Josimar

; Nascimento, Rafaella O do

; Dellagostin, Odir A

; Hartwig, Daiane D

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Nov 2016, Volume 111 Nº 11 Páginas 712 - 716

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Immunisation with the C-terminal region of leptospiral immunoglobulin-like A protein (LigANI) has shown promising results against leptospirosis. We evaluated the humoral immune response and protection induced by LigANI associated with carboxyl multi-walled carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNTs), CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs), or Alhydrogel. Animals immunised with CpG ODNs were unable to develop a humoral immune response, whereas immunisation with LigANI and COOH-MWCNTs produced a high level of IgG antibodies, similar to that with LigANI and Alhydrogel, but it was not protective. The use of carbon nanotubes as an adjuvant in subunit vaccines against leptospirosis is a novel approach for improving specific IgG production.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760160214 1141 downloads

11.

Comparative genomic analysis of Brazilian Leptospira kirschneri serogroup Pomona serovar Mozdok
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Moreno, Luisa Z

; Kremer, Frederico S

; Miraglia, Fabiana

; Loureiro, Ana P

; Eslabao, Marcus R

; Dellagostin, Odir A

; Lilenbaum, Walter

; Moreno, Andrea M

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Ago 2016, Volume 111 Nº 8 Páginas 539 - 541

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Leptospira kirschneri is one of the pathogenic species of the Leptospira genus. Human and animal infection from L. kirschneri gained further attention over the last few decades. Here we present the isolation and characterisation of Brazilian L. kirschneri serogroup Pomona serovar Mozdok strain M36/05 and the comparative genomic analysis with Brazilian human strain 61H. The M36/05 strain caused pulmonary hemorrhagic lesions in the hamster model, showing high virulence. The studied genomes presented high symmetrical identity and the in silico multilocus sequence typing analysis resulted in a new allelic profile (ST101) that so far has only been associated with the Brazilian L. kirschneri serogroup Pomona serovar Mozdok strains. Considering the environmental conditions and high genomic similarity observed between strains, we suggest the existence of a Brazilian L. kirschneri serogroup Pomona serovar Mozdok lineage that could represent a high public health risk; further studies are necessary to confirm the lineage significance and distribution.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760160174 1162 downloads

12.

Draft genome of the Leptospira interrogans strains, Acegua, RCA, Prea, and Capivara, obtained from wildlife maintenance hosts and infected domestic animals
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Kremer, Frederico S

; Eslabão, Marcus R

; Jorge, Sérgio

; Oliveira, Natasha R

; Labonde, Julia

; Santos, Monize NP

; Monte, Leonardo G

; Grassmann, André A

; Cunha, Carlos EP

; Forster, Karine M

; Moreno, Luísa Z

; Moreno, Andrea M

; Campos, Vinicius F

; McBride, Alan JA

; Pinto, Luciano S

; Dellagostin, Odir A

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Abr 2016, Volume 111 Nº 4 Páginas 280 - 283

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

In the present paper, we announce new draft genomes of four Leptospira interrogans strains named Acegua, RCA, Prea, and Capivara. These strains were isolated in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, from cattle, dog, Brazilian guinea pig, and capybara, respectively.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760160010 1324 downloads

13.

DNA prime-protein boost based vaccination with a conserved region of leptospiral immunoglobulin-like A and B proteins enhances protection against leptospirosis
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Forster, Karine M

; Hartwig, Daiane D

; Oliveira, Thaís L

; Bacelo, Kátia L

; Schuch, Rodrigo

; Amaral, Marta G

; Dellagostin, Odir A

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Dez 2015, Volume 110 Nº 8 Páginas 989 - 995

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by pathogenic spirochetes of theLeptospira genus. Vaccination with bacterins has severe limitations. Here, we evaluated the N-terminal region of the leptospiral immunoglobulin-like B protein (LigBrep) as a vaccine candidate against leptospirosis using immunisation strategies based on DNA prime-protein boost, DNA vaccine, and subunit vaccine. Upon challenge with a virulent strain ofLeptospira interrogans, the prime-boost and DNA vaccine approaches induced significant protection in hamsters, as well as a specific IgG antibody response and sterilising immunity. Although vaccination with recombinant fragment of LigBrep also produced a strong antibody response, it was not immunoprotective. These results highlight the potential of LigBrep as a candidate antigen for an effective vaccine against leptospirosis and emphasise the use of the DNA prime-protein boost as an important strategy for vaccine development.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760150222 1366 downloads

14.

The use of halloysite clay and carboxyl-functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes for recombinant LipL32 antigen delivery enhanced the IgG response
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Hartwig, Daiane D

; Bacelo, Kátia L

; Oliveira, Thaís L

; Schuch, Rodrigo

; Seixas, Fabiana K

; Collares, Tiago

; Rodrigues, Oscar

; Hartleben, Cláudia P

; Dellagostin, Odir A

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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Fev 2015, Volume 110 Nº 1 Páginas 134 - 137

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

We studied the feasibility of using halloysite clay nanotubes (HNTs) and carboxyl-functionalised multi-walled carbon nanotubes (COOH-MWCNTs) as antigen carriers to improve immune responses against a recombinant LipL32 protein (rLipL32). Immunisation using the HNTs or COOH-MWCNTs significantly increased the rLipL32-specific IgG antibody titres (p < 0.05) of Golden Syrian hamsters. None of the vaccines tested conferred protection against a challenge using a virulent Leptospira interrogans strain. These results demonstrated that nanotubes can be used as antigen carriers for delivery in hosts and the induction of a humoral immune response against purified leptospiral antigens used in subunit vaccine preparations.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0074-02760140276 1423 downloads

15.

Uncommon non-oncogenic HPV genotypes, TP53 and MDM2 genes polymorphisms in HIV-infected women in Southern Brazil
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Entiauspe, Ludmila Gonçalves

; Seixas, Fabiana Kömmling

; Nunes, Emily Montosa

; Rodrigues, Fernanda Martins

; Dellagostin, Odir A.

; Collares, Tiago

; Silveira, Mariângela Freitas da

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Dez 2014, Volume 18 Nº 6 Páginas 643 - 650

Resumo: En | Texto: En | PDF: En

Background:It is believed that Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and Human Immunodeficiency Virus coinfection contributes to increase the risk for cervical intraepithelial injuries. Several factors may contribute to cervical cancer (CC) development, including genetic variants such as TP53and MDM2 gene polymorphisms.Materials and methods:A hundred HIV-infected women were examined for HPV detection and its genotypes, as well as the frequencies of the SNPs Arg72Pro and SNP309 and their associations with CC risk factors. Nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nPCR) was used for HPV detection and PCR-RFLP for TP53 and MDM2 SNP309 genotyping.Results:HPV DNA was detected in 68% of samples. A higher frequency of low-risk HPV genotypes (66.7%) was observed when compared to high-risk genotypes (33.3%). Nine different HPV genotypes were identified, with the highest prevalence of HPV-6, followed by HPV-16 and 31. p53 Arg72Arg and SNP309 TG genotype were the most prevalent. HPV genotyping was performed by sequencing.Conclusion:The data obtained suggest that HIV-infected women are more susceptible to be infected by low-risk HPV (LR-HPV) genotypes than by high-risk (HR-HPV), and Pro72Pro of TP53 gene and TG of MDM2 SNP309 genotypes apparently seem to be protective factors among HIV-infected women for HPV acquisition and HR-HPV infection, respectively, in a sample of Southern Brazilian woman. Future investigations in larger populations are necessary to better understand the potential roles of these SNPs and the behavior of non-oncogenic HPV genotypes in HIV-mediated immunosuppression cases.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2014.07.005 1212 downloads

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